Shokurov's conjecture on conic bundles with canonical singularities

A conic bundle is a contraction $X\to Z$ between normal varieties of relative dimension $1$ such that $-K_X$ is relatively ample. We prove a conjecture of Shokurov which predicts that, if $X\to Z$ is a conic bundle such that $X$ has canonical singularities and $Z$ is $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein, then $Z$ is always $\frac{1}{2}$-lc, and the multiplicities of the fibers over codimension $1$ points are bounded from above by $2$. Both values $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ are sharp. This is achieved by solving a more general conjecture of Shokurov on singularities of bases of lc-trivial fibrations of relative dimension $1$ with canonical singularities.