Sharp decay estimates for $(2+1)$-dimensional oscillatory integral operators via Newton height

We study $(2+1)$-dimensional oscillatory integral operators of the form $$T_\lambda f(x,y)=\int_{\mathbb{R}}e^{i\lambda P(x,y)t^k}\psi(x,y,t)f(t)dt,\qquad k\geq 1,$$ where the phase $P$ is a real-analytic function with a critical point at the origin. We establish the sharp $L^2\to L^2$ decay rate of $\frac12\min\{1/h_{P}, 1/k\}$, where $h_{P}$ denotes Varchenko's Newton height of $P$. The two terms in the minimum reflect a natural competition between the spatial degeneracy of $P$ and the temporal degeneracy of $t^k$; their optimality is confirmed by a Knapp-type and a focusing example, respectively. A $TT^{*}$ reduction transforms the $L^2$ estimate into a scalar oscillatory integral, allowing Varchenko's theorem to apply directly. Building on this foundation, complex interpolation yields the sharp $L^2\to L^{2k+2}$ bound. Finally, in the regime $h_{P}\geq k$, we obtain sharp $L^2\to L^p$ decay estimates for all $p$.