Sharp blow-up stability for self-similar solutions of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

We consider the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Given a self-similar solution, and a subcritical perturbation of any size, we prove that there exists a unique solution to the equation which behaves at blow-up time as the self-similar solution plus the perturbation. To this end, we develop the first robust analysis in spaces of functions with bounded Fourier transforms. To begin, we prove the local well-posedness in subcritical spaces through an appropriate restriction norm method. As this method is not sufficient to capture the critical self-similar dynamics, we develop an infinite normal form reduction (INFR) to derive time-dependent a priori $L^\infty$ bounds in frequency variables. Both approaches rely on frequency-restricted estimates, which are specific positive multiplier estimates capable of capturing the oscillatory nature of the equation. As a consequence of our analysis, we also prove local well-posedness for small subcritical perturbations of self-similar solutions at positive time.