Semi-equivelar toroidal maps and their k-edge covers
Abstract
If the face\mbox{-}cycles at all the vertices in a map are of same type then the map is called semi\mbox{-}equivelar. A tiling is edge-homogeneous if any two edges with vertices of congruent face-cycles. In general, edge-homogeneous maps on a surface form a bigger class than edge-transitive maps. There are edge-homogeneous toroidal maps which are not edge\mbox{-}transitive. An edge-homogeneous map is called -edge-homogeneous if it contains number of edge orbits. In particular, if then it is called edge-transitive map. In general, a map is called -edge orbital or -orbital if it contains number of edge orbits. A map is called minimal if the number of edges is minimal. A surjective mapping from a map to a map is called a covering if it preserves adjacency and sends vertices, edges, faces of to vertices, edges, faces of respectively. Orbani{\' c} et al. and {\v S}ir{\'a}{\v n} et al. have shown that every edge-homogeneous toroidal map has edge-transitive cover. In this article, we show the bounds of edge orbits of edge-homogeneous toroidal maps. Using these bounds, we show the bounds of edge orbits of non-edge-homogeneous semi-equivelar toroidal maps. We also prove that if a edge-homogeneous map is edge orbital then it has a finite index -edge orbital minimal cover for . We also show the existence and classification of sheeted covers of edge-homogeneous toroidal maps for each . We extend this to non-edge-homogeneous semi-equivelar toroidal maps and prove the same results, i.e., if a non-edge-homogeneous map is edge orbital then it has a finite index -edge orbital minimal cover (non-edge-homogeneous) for and then classify them for each sheet.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2111.13085,
title = {Semi-equivelar toroidal maps and their k-edge covers},
author = {Arnab Kundu and Dipendu Maity},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13085},
year = {2024}
}
Comments
arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.12375