English

Semi-equivelar toroidal maps and their k-edge covers

Combinatorics 2024-01-03 v3

Abstract

If the face\mbox{-}cycles at all the vertices in a map are of same type then the map is called semi\mbox{-}equivelar. A tiling is edge-homogeneous if any two edges with vertices of congruent face-cycles. In general, edge-homogeneous maps on a surface form a bigger class than edge-transitive maps. There are edge-homogeneous toroidal maps which are not edge\mbox{-}transitive. An edge-homogeneous map is called kk-edge-homogeneous if it contains kk number of edge orbits. In particular, if k=1k=1 then it is called edge-transitive map. In general, a map is called kk-edge orbital or kk-orbital if it contains kk number of edge orbits. A map is called minimal if the number of edges is minimal. A surjective mapping η ⁣:MK\eta \colon M \to K from a map MM to a map KK is called a covering if it preserves adjacency and sends vertices, edges, faces of MM to vertices, edges, faces of KK respectively. Orbani{\' c} et al. and {\v S}ir{\'a}{\v n} et al. have shown that every edge-homogeneous toroidal map has edge-transitive cover. In this article, we show the bounds of edge orbits of edge-homogeneous toroidal maps. Using these bounds, we show the bounds of edge orbits of non-edge-homogeneous semi-equivelar toroidal maps. We also prove that if a edge-homogeneous map is kk edge orbital then it has a finite index mm-edge orbital minimal cover for mkm \le k. We also show the existence and classification of nn sheeted covers of edge-homogeneous toroidal maps for each nNn \in \mathbb{N}. We extend this to non-edge-homogeneous semi-equivelar toroidal maps and prove the same results, i.e., if a non-edge-homogeneous map is kk edge orbital then it has a finite index mm-edge orbital minimal cover (non-edge-homogeneous) for mkm \le k and then classify them for each sheet.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2111.13085,
  title  = {Semi-equivelar toroidal maps and their k-edge covers},
  author = {Arnab Kundu and Dipendu Maity},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13085},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.12375

R2 v1 2026-06-24T07:52:06.441Z