English

Semantic Intent Fragmentation: A Single-Shot Compositional Attack on Multi-Agent AI Pipelines

Cryptography and Security 2026-04-22 v2 Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning

Abstract

We introduce Semantic Intent Fragmentation (SIF), an attack class against LLM orchestration systems where a single, legitimately phrased request causes an orchestrator to decompose a task into subtasks that are individually benign but jointly violate security policy. Current safety mechanisms operate at the subtask level, so each step clears existing classifiers -- the violation only emerges at the composed plan. SIF exploits OWASP LLM06:2025 through four mechanisms: bulk scope escalation, silent data exfiltration, embedded trigger deployment, and quasi-identifier aggregation, requiring no injected content, no system modification, and no attacker interaction after the initial request. We construct a three-stage red-teaming pipeline grounded in OWASP, MITRE ATLAS, and NIST frameworks to generate realistic enterprise scenarios. Across 14 scenarios spanning financial reporting, information security, and HR analytics, a GPT-20B orchestrator produces policy-violating plans in 71% of cases (10/14) while every subtask appears benign. Three independent signals validate this: deterministic taint analysis, chain-of-thought evaluation, and a cross-model compliance judge with 0% false positives. Stronger orchestrators increase SIF success rates. Plan-level information-flow tracking combined with compliance evaluation detects all attacks before execution, showing the compositional safety gap is closable.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.08608,
  title  = {Semantic Intent Fragmentation: A Single-Shot Compositional Attack on Multi-Agent AI Pipelines},
  author = {Tanzim Ahad and Ismail Hossain and Md Jahangir Alam and Sai Puppala and Yoonpyo Lee and Syed Bahauddin Alam and Sajedul Talukder},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.08608},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

This paper got accepted for AAAI 2026 Summer Symposium

R2 v1 2026-07-01T12:01:49.807Z