Social media can reveal patient experiences with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) that extend beyond clinical trial data. We analyzed 410,198 Reddit posts (May 2019-June 2025) mentioning semaglutide or tirzepatide. A total of 67,008 users self-reported using these medications, and 43.5% described at least one side effect. Gastrointestinal symptoms predominated, including nausea (36.9%), fatigue (16.7%), vomiting (16.3%), constipation (15.3%), and diarrhea (12.6%). Notably, reproductive symptoms (e.g., menstrual irregularities) and temperature-related complaints (e.g., chills, hot flashes) emerged as unrecognized potential effects. These findings highlight patient concerns not well captured in current labeling or trials. Large-scale social media analysis can complement traditional pharmacovigilance by detecting emerging safety signals and expanding understanding of the real-world safety profile of GLP-1 RAs.
@article{arxiv.2603.12341,
title = {Self-Reported Side Effects of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Online Communities},
author = {Neil K. R. Sehgal and Jena Shaw Tronieri and Lyle Ungar and Sharath Chandra Guntuku},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.12341},
year = {2026}
}