English

Scaling Session-Based Transformer Recommendations using Optimized Negative Sampling and Loss Functions

Information Retrieval 2025-04-01 v2 Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning

Abstract

This work introduces TRON, a scalable session-based Transformer Recommender using Optimized Negative-sampling. Motivated by the scalability and performance limitations of prevailing models such as SASRec and GRU4Rec+, TRON integrates top-k negative sampling and listwise loss functions to enhance its recommendation accuracy. Evaluations on relevant large-scale e-commerce datasets show that TRON improves upon the recommendation quality of current methods while maintaining training speeds similar to SASRec. A live A/B test yielded an 18.14% increase in click-through rate over SASRec, highlighting the potential of TRON in practical settings. For further research, we provide access to our source code at https://github.com/otto-de/TRON and an anonymized dataset at https://github.com/otto-de/recsys-dataset.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2307.14906,
  title  = {Scaling Session-Based Transformer Recommendations using Optimized Negative Sampling and Loss Functions},
  author = {Timo Wilm and Philipp Normann and Sophie Baumeister and Paul-Vincent Kobow},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.14906},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Accepted at the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys '23)

R2 v1 2026-06-28T11:41:54.972Z