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Scaling limit theorem for mixed free and Boolean convolution powers

Probability 2026-06-29 v1

Abstract

We prove a scaling limit theorem for a double sequence of probability measures involving additive free convolution \boxplus and additive Boolean convolution \uplus. Let μ\mu be a probability measure on R\mathbb{R} with mean zero and variance one, and let M=M(N)>0M=M(N)>0 satisfy MNα+1/2t>0MN^{\alpha+1/2}\to t>0. We study the weak limits, as NN\to \infty, of the double arrays DNα((μN)M)D_{N^\alpha}((\mu^{\boxplus N})^{\uplus M}). We show that the limit distribution is the Cauchy distribution with scale parameter tt if α>1/2\alpha>-1/2, the tt-fold Boolean convolution power of the standard semicircle law if α=1/2\alpha=-1/2, and the point mass at the origin if α<1/2\alpha<-1/2.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2606.29683,
  title  = {Scaling limit theorem for mixed free and Boolean convolution powers},
  author = {Hao-Wei Huang and Noriyoshi Sakuma and Pei-Lun Tseng and Yuki Ueda},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.29683},
  year   = {2026}
}

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9 pages