Sato-Tate Distributions of Catalan Curves

For distinct odd primes $p$ and $q$, we define the Catalan curve $C_{p,q}$ by the affine equation $y^q=x^p-1$. In this article we construct the Sato-Tate groups of the Jacobians in order to study the limiting distributions of coefficients of their normalized L-polynomials.Catalan Jacobians are nondegenerate and simple with noncyclic Galois groups (of the endomorphism fields over $\mathbb Q$), thus making them interesting varieties to study in the context of Sato-Tate groups. We compute both statistical and numerical moments for the limiting distributions. Lastly, we determine the Galois endomorphism types of the Jacobians using both old and new techniques.