English

Runs in Paperfolding Sequences

Combinatorics 2026-03-11 v2 Discrete Mathematics Formal Languages and Automata Theory

Abstract

The paperfolding sequences form an uncountable class of infinite sequences over the alphabet {1,1}\{ -1, 1 \} that describe the sequence of folds arising from iterated folding of a piece of paper, followed by unfolding. In this note we observe that the sequence of run lengths in such a sequence, as well as the starting and ending positions of the nn'th run, is 22-synchronized and hence computable by a finite automaton. As a specific consequence, we obtain the recent results of Bunder, Bates, and Arnold, in much more generality, via a different approach. We also prove results about the critical exponent and subword complexity of these run-length sequences.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.17930,
  title  = {Runs in Paperfolding Sequences},
  author = {Jeffrey Shallit},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.17930},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:47:22.184Z