Robust shape reconstruction of elastic impenetrable scatterers via monotonicity spectral sampling methods

Reconstructing the location and shape of an unknown impenetrable scatterer from far-field measurements is a fundamental inverse problem in elastic scattering. In this paper, we propose monotonicity-based shape characterization theorems and develop corresponding algorithms for rigid and traction-free impenetrable scatterers. By establishing the factorization of the elastic far-field operator and constructing localized wave functions, we derive a sharp monotonicity-based characterization criterion for determining the shape and position of the impenetrable scatterer. This criterion is based on the spectral properties of the \emph{monotonicity operator}, defined as a specific linear combination of the far-field and Herglotz probing operators. Building on this theoretical foundation, we first present a counting-based monotonicity sampling method that evaluates the number of negative eigenvalues of the monotonicity operator. To address the inherent sensitivity of eigenvalue-counting to measurement noise, we further develop two novel monotonicity spectral sampling algorithms that exploit the magnitudes, rather than merely the signs, of the negative eigenvalues. The single-frequency monotonicity spectral sampling method provides robust stability against data perturbations, while the multi-frequency monotonicity spectral sampling method extension aggregates frequency information into a multiscale indicator that balances noise robustness with high-resolution geometric fidelity. Numerical experiments across various scatterer geometries and noise levels demonstrate sharp boundary localization and accurate reconstruction of complex concave features, confirming the effectiveness of the single-frequency and multi-frequency monotonicity spectral sampling methods.