Risk-Aware Linear-Quadratic Regulation with Temporally Coupled States

We formulate and solve a discrete-time linear-quadratic regulation (LQR) problem in a finite horizon that penalizes temporal variability and stochastic variability of the state trajectory. Our approach enables the user to strike a balance between regulating the state and reducing temporal variability, with explicit sensitivity to risk. We achieve this by extending a risk measure called predictive variance to a setting with temporally coupled states. Numerical examples demonstrate the effect of temporal coupling in both risk-aware and risk-neutral control settings. Particularly, we observe that explicitly penalizing temporal variability alone can also reduce stochastic variability.