During plastic deformation, metals change shape while continuously becoming stronger. The microscopic origin of these processes lies in the proliferation and movement of line defects, dislocations, and the subsequent self-organisation and pinning of dislocations on lattice imperfections, including other dislocations. The nature of these multiscale processes has remained elusive because in situ observations have not been feasible. We present 3D movies of how dislocations pile up near an obstacle, deeply within a mm-sized pure Al sample and during tensile deformation. Cross-slip is found to provide a mechanism for the dislocations to escape the pile-up, leading to pronounced intermittent behaviour. Such data support a new generation of dislocation dynamics and micro-mechanics modelling.
@article{arxiv.2604.11397,
title = {Revealing Dislocation Interactions Controlling Mechanical Properties of Metals},
author = {Felix Frankus and Sina Borgi and Albert Zelenika and Basit Ali and Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas and Henning Friis Poulsen and Grethe Winther},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.11397},
year = {2026}
}