English

REFLEX: Rethinking MoE Inference as Refinement-Aware Compute Allocation in Diffusion Language Models

Artificial Intelligence 2026-08-03 v1 Computation and Language

Abstract

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models increase parameter capacity by activating only a small subset of experts for each token. This conditional-computation paradigm has enabled autoregressive language models to scale model capacity without a proportional increase in per-token computation. In diffusion language models (DLMs), however, each denoising forward jointly revisits all token positions despite their sharply different refinement demands, while the default fixed token-choice routing assigns them a uniform expert budget, creating a mismatch between expert computation and refinement demand. We argue that MoE inference in DLMs should therefore be viewed as refinement-aware compute allocation across heterogeneous token refinement states. We propose REFLEX (\textbf{RE}finement-aware \textbf{FLEX}ible expert allocation), a training-free method that keeps the default router unchanged while reorganizing expert computation around the evolving refinement process. Specifically, REFLEX introduces a coarse-to-fine hierarchy for expert-budget allocation that aligns computation with block-relative refinement roles while using the Frontier-Progress Score to resolve active-block priorities. Across multiple widely used benchmarks on two representative MoE-based DLMs, LLaDA-MoE and LLaDA2.0-mini, REFLEX reduces allocated expert computation by 15\% on average while preserving or even improving generation quality on most benchmarks relative to default routing. Compared with autoregressive-style variable-expert routing methods, REFLEX also yields a more consistent quality--computation trade-off, further supporting the importance of allocating expert computation according to the heterogeneous refinement demands exposed within each denoising forward.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2608.01784,
  title  = {REFLEX: Rethinking MoE Inference as Refinement-Aware Compute Allocation in Diffusion Language Models},
  author = {Xiang Xia and Cheng Yan and Yiming Zhang and Jiazheng Liu and Hongyu Zhang and Wuyang Zhang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.01784},
  year   = {2026}
}