English

Reducibility of Klein-Gordon equations with maximal order perturbations

Analysis of PDEs 2024-02-20 v1

Abstract

We prove that all the solutions of a quasi-periodically forced linear Klein-Gordon equation ψttψxx+mψ+Q(ωt)ψ=0\psi_{tt}-\psi_{xx}+\mathtt{m}\psi+Q(\omega t)\psi=0 where Q(ωt):=a(2)(ωt,x)xx+a(1)(ωt,x)x+a(0)(ωt,x) Q(\omega t) := a^{(2)}(\omega t, x) \partial_{xx} + a^{(1)}(\omega t, x)\partial_x + a^{(0)}(\omega t, x) is a differential operator of order 2 2 , parity preserving and reversible, are almost periodic in time and uniformly bounded for all times, provided that the coefficients a(2),a(1),a(0) a^{(2) }, a^{(1) }, a^{(0) } are small enough and the forcing frequency ωRν\omega\in {\mathbb R}^{\nu} belongs to a Borel set of asymptotically full measure. This result is obtained by reducing the Klein-Gordon equation to a diagonal constant coefficient system with purely imaginary eigenvalues. The main difficulty is the presence in the perturbation Q(ωt) Q (\omega t) of the second order differential operator a(2)(ωt,x)xx a^{(2)}(\omega t, x)\partial_{xx} . In suitable coordinates the Klein-Gordon equation is the composition of two backward/forward quasi-periodic in time perturbed transport equations with non-constant coefficients, up to lower order pseudo-differential remainders. A key idea is to straighten this first order pseudo-differential operator with bi-characteristics through a novel quantitative Egorov analysis.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2402.11377,
  title  = {Reducibility of Klein-Gordon equations with maximal order perturbations},
  author = {Massimiliano Berti and Roberto Feola and Michela Procesi and Shulamit Terracina},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.11377},
  year   = {2024}
}

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79 pages