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Redshift Suppression of Nonlinear Scalar Fields in Accelerating FLRW Spacetimes

Analysis of PDEs 2026-06-26 v1 Mathematical Physics

Abstract

We study small--data solutions of a nonlinear scalar field equation on spatially flat dd--dimensional FLRW spacetimes (d4d\ge4). In conformal time τ\tau the field satisfies a damped semilinear wave/Klein--Gordon equation with time--dependent coefficients determined by the scale factor a(τ)a(\tau) and the conformal Hubble rate H(τ)=a˙/aH(\tau)=\dot a/a. We focus on accelerated conformal expansion of the form H(τ)=H0(1+τ)αH(\tau)=H_0(1+\tau)^{-\alpha} with H0>0H_0>0 and 0α<10\le\alpha<1, for which a(τ)a(\tau) grows stretched--exponentially, and we assume a power potential V(φ)=εm+1φm+1V(\varphi)=-\frac{\varepsilon}{m+1}|\varphi|^{m+1}. For global solutions arising from sufficiently small, spatially localized initial data, we introduce the conformal rescaling ϕ=a(d2)/2φ\phi=a^{(d-2)/2}\varphi, which removes the first--order Hubble damping and exposes the interaction as a \emph{time--dependent coupling}. In the rescaled equation the nonlinearity is weighted by g(τ)=a(τ)σg(\tau)=a(\tau)^{\sigma} with σ=d+2(d2)m2\sigma=\frac{d+2-(d-2)m}{2}, so the conformal power mconf=d+2d2m_{\mathrm{conf}}=\frac{d+2}{d-2} is the sharp threshold for redshift suppression: gg decays for m>mconfm>m_{\mathrm{conf}}, is constant for m=mconfm=m_{\mathrm{conf}} (classical conformal invariance), and grows for 1<m<mconf1<m<m_{\mathrm{conf}}. For accelerated conformal expansion H(τ)=H0(1+τ)αH(\tau)=H_0(1+\tau)^{-\alpha} with 0α<10\le\alpha<1 and for superconformal interactions m>mconfm>m_{\mathrm{conf}}, we prove that gL1([0,))g\in L^1([0,\infty)) and deduce small--data global existence together with scattering/asymptotic linearization for ϕ\phi. As a complementary result in the diffusion--dominated regime 1<m<1+2d11<m<1+\frac{2}{d-1}, we adapt a weighted energy method for variable damping to deduce explicit L2L^2 and L1L^1 decay rates. These bounds provide a quantitative PDE formulation of redshift--induced suppression of nonlinear scalar self--interactions at late conformal times.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2606.28020,
  title  = {Redshift Suppression of Nonlinear Scalar Fields in Accelerating FLRW Spacetimes},
  author = {Mirda Prisma Wijayanto and Emir Syahreza Fadhilla and Ryan Sugihakim and Iwan Setiawan and Fiki Taufik Akbar and Bobby Eka Gunara},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.28020},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

19 pages, no figures, accepted JMAA (Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications)