Reconfigurable Antennas for 6G: Technologies, Prototypes, Architectures, and Signal Processing

The transition to sixth-generation (6G) networks calls for wireless transceivers with enhanced adaptability and efficiency. Reconfigurable antennas (RAs) have emerged as a promising solution, enabling dynamic control over the electromagnetic properties of individual antenna elements. This article provides an overview of RA technologies for 6G systems, encompassing hardware advancements, early prototyping studies, novel system architectures, and key signal processing challenges. From the combined perspective of antenna design and communication systems, we highlight the potential of RAs to enable next-generation networks, while also identifying key challenges and promising research opportunities.