English

Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2025-09-04 v2

Abstract

We demonstrate that the electroweak baryogenesis can be realized in the extended Standard Model with sequential fourth generation fermions (SM4). The solution to the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and Higgs masses indicates that fourth generation quarks tt' and bb' with the Yukawa couplings above the threshold gQc9.1g_Q^c\approx 9.1 form condensates. This critical coupling, greater than the value gYf7g_Y^f\approx 7 at the ultraviolet fixed point of the renormalization-group evolution in the SM4, implies the existence of an electroweak symmetric phase at a high energy. The tt' and bb' Yukawa couplings evolve as the energy decreases, and exceed gQcg_Q^c at a lower scale. The Higgs potential with the dynamical symmetry breaking effect from heavy quark condensates plus the one-loop temperature-dependent correction from the heavy scalars formed by tt' and bb' quarks allow the first-order phase transition characterized by the ratio ϕc/Tc0.9\phi_c/T_c\approx 0.9, where ϕc\phi_c is the location of the Higgs potential minimum at the critical temperature TcT_c. Together with the baryon number violating sphaleron interaction inherent in the Standard Model and the enhanced CPCP violation source from fourth generation quarks, the baryon asymmetry in the Universe can be achieved.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2502.16099,
  title  = {Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions},
  author = {Hsiang-nan Li},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.16099},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

13 pages, 6 figures, journal version

R2 v1 2026-06-28T21:53:48.778Z