English

Real-time Factuality Assessment from Adversarial Feedback

Computation and Language 2025-07-29 v3 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

We show that existing evaluations for assessing the factuality of news from conventional sources, such as claims on fact-checking websites, result in high accuracies over time for LLM-based detectors-even after their knowledge cutoffs. This suggests that recent popular false information from such sources can be easily identified due to its likely presence in pre-training/retrieval corpora or the emergence of salient, yet shallow, patterns in these datasets. Instead, we argue that a proper factuality evaluation dataset should test a model's ability to reason about current events by retrieving and reading related evidence. To this end, we develop a novel pipeline that leverages natural language feedback from a RAG-based detector to iteratively modify real-time news into deceptive variants that challenge LLMs. Our iterative rewrite decreases the binary classification ROC-AUC by an absolute 17.5 percent for a strong RAG-based GPT-4o detector. Our experiments reveal the important role of RAG in both evaluating and generating challenging news examples, as retrieval-free LLM detectors are vulnerable to unseen events and adversarial attacks, while feedback from RAG-based evaluation helps discover more deceitful patterns.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2410.14651,
  title  = {Real-time Factuality Assessment from Adversarial Feedback},
  author = {Sanxing Chen and Yukun Huang and Bhuwan Dhingra},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.14651},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:27:36.091Z