English

Random flat bundles and equidistribution

Number Theory 2023-12-05 v2 Differential Geometry Probability Spectral Theory

Abstract

Each signature λ(n)=(λ1(n),,λn(n))\underline{\lambda}(n)=(\lambda_1(n),\dots,\lambda_n(n)), where λ1(n)λn(n)\lambda_1(n)\geq\dots\geq\lambda_n(n) are integers, gives an irreducible representation πλ(n):U(n)GL(Vλ(n))\pi_{\underline{\lambda}(n)}:U(n)\rightarrow\text{GL}(V_{\underline{\lambda}(n)}) of the unitary group U(n)U(n). Suppose XX is a finite-area cusped hyperbolic surface, χ\chi is a random surface representation in Hom(π1(X),U(n))\text{Hom}(\pi_1(X),U(n)) equipped with a Haar unitary probability measure, and (λ(n))n=1(\underline{\lambda}(n))_{n=1}^{\infty} is a sequence of signatures. Let λ(n):=iλi(n)|\underline{\lambda}(n)|:=\sum_i|\lambda_i(n)|. We show that there is an absolute constant c>0c>0 such that if 0λ(n)clognloglogn0\neq |\underline{\lambda}(n)|\leq c\frac{\log n}{\log\log n} for sufficiently large nn, then the Laplacians Δχ,λ(n)\Delta_{\chi,\underline{\lambda}(n)} acting on sections of the flat unitary bundles associated to the surface representations π1(X)χU(n)πλ(n)GL(Vλ(n))\pi_1(X)\xrightarrow{\chi} U(n)\xrightarrow{\pi_{\underline{\lambda}(n)}}\text{GL}(V_{\underline{\lambda}(n)}) have the property that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 P[χ:infSpec(Δχ,λ(n))14ε]n1,\mathbb{P}\left[\chi:\inf\text{Spec}(\Delta_{\chi,\underline{\lambda}(n)})\geq\frac{1}{4}-\varepsilon\right]\xrightarrow{n\rightarrow\infty}1, where Spec(Δχ,λ(n))\text{Spec}(\Delta_{\chi,\underline{\lambda}(n)}) is the spectrum of Δχ,λ(n)\Delta_{\chi,\underline{\lambda}(n)}. A special case of this is that flat unitary bundles associated to χ:π1(X)U(n)\chi:\pi_1(X)\rightarrow U(n) asymptotically almost surely as nn\rightarrow\infty have least eigenvalue at least 14ε\frac{1}{4}-\varepsilon, irrespective of the spectral gap of XX itself. This is proved using the Hide--Magee method. Using the spectral theorem above and proving a probabilistic prime geodesic theorem, we also obtain a probabilistic equidistribution theorem for the images under χ\chi of geodesics of lengths dependent on the rank nn.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2210.09547,
  title  = {Random flat bundles and equidistribution},
  author = {Masoud Zargar},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.09547},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

Exposition improved. Comments are very welcome

R2 v1 2026-06-28T03:52:51.367Z