English

Random expansions of trees with bounded height

Logic in Computer Science 2025-04-08 v2

Abstract

We consider a sequence T=(Tn:nN+)\mathbf{T} = (\mathcal{T}_n : n \in \mathbb{N}^+) of trees Tn\mathcal{T}_n where, for some ΔN+\Delta \in \mathbb{N}^+ every Tn\mathcal{T}_n has height at most Δ\Delta and as nn \to \infty the minimal number of children of a nonleaf tends to infinity. We can view every tree as a (first-order) τ\tau-structure where τ\tau is a signature with one binary relation symbol. For a fixed (arbitrary) finite and relational signature στ\sigma \supseteq \tau we consider the set Wn\mathbf{W}_n of expansions of Tn\mathcal{T}_n to σ\sigma and a probability distribution Pn\mathbb{P}_n on Wn\mathbf{W}_n which is determined by a (parametrized/lifted) Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM) G\mathbb{G} which can use the information given by Tn\mathcal{T}_n. The kind of PGM that we consider uses formulas of a many-valued logic that we call PLAPLA^* with truth values in the unit interval [0,1][0, 1]. We also use PLAPLA^* to express queries, or events, on Wn\mathbf{W}_n. With this setup we prove that, under some assumptions on T\mathbf{T}, G\mathbb{G}, and a (possibly quite complex) formula φ(x1,,xk)\varphi(x_1, \ldots, x_k) of PLAPLA^*, as nn \to \infty, if a1,,aka_1, \ldots, a_k are vertices of the tree Tn\mathcal{T}_n then the value of φ(a1,,ak)\varphi(a_1, \ldots, a_k) will, with high probability, be almost the same as the value of ψ(a1,,ak)\psi(a_1, \ldots, a_k), where ψ(x1,,xk)\psi(x_1, \ldots, x_k) is a ``simple'' formula the value of which can always be computed quickly (without reference to nn), and ψ\psi itself can be found by using only the information that defines T\mathbf{T}, G\mathbb{G} and φ\varphi. A corollary of this, subject to the same conditions, is a probabilistic convergence law for PLAPLA^*-formulas.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2410.11775,
  title  = {Random expansions of trees with bounded height},
  author = {Vera Koponen and Yasmin Tousinejad},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.11775},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2401.04802 Author comment: This is a minor revision (but with some important corrections) of the first version

R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:22:53.433Z