English

Quantum squeezing in an all-resonant periodically poled lithium niobate microresonator

Optics 2026-02-27 v1 Quantum Physics

Abstract

Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of optical measurements, but squeezed states of light enable quantum-enhanced metrology, sensing, and information processing. Most on-chip squeezed-light sources rely on Kerr (χ(3)\chi^{(3)}) nonlinearities, remain limited by pump power and excess loss constraints. Quadratic (χ(2)\chi^{(2)}) platforms instead provide stronger parametric interactions, lower pump power requirements, and greater spectral engineering flexibility. Here, we demonstrate strong, broadband squeezed-light generation on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic chip using a dual-resonant optical parametric amplifier implemented in a single periodically poled LN (PPLN) microresonator. Near-full-depth domain inversion is achieved simultaneously with highly over-coupled resonances, exhibiting escape efficiencies exceeding 90% and intrinsic quality factors above 2.5 million in a 0.6 mm2^2 X-cut TF-PPLN resonator, enabling efficient squeezing at 1587 nm when pumped at 793.5 nm. Operating in the continuous-wave regime, we directly measure -0.81 dB of squeezing below the shot-noise limit with a pump power of 27 mW, together with +4.29 dB of anti-squeezing. From these measurements, we infer an on-chip squeezing level of -7.52 dB ±\pm 0.22 dB (95% confidence interval: [-7.96,-7.10] dB), and an on-chip anti-squeezing level of +9.62 dB ±\pm 0.25 dB. We demonstrate single-mode squeezing at degeneracy with a squeezed-light spectrum exceeding 10.3 THz. This work reports the highest squeezing ratio among integrated χ(2)\chi^{(2)} cavity platforms and the first quasi-phase matched, fully resonant χ(2)\chi^{(2)} cavity squeezer on chip, establishing a scalable route to fully integrated power-efficient squeezed-light sources for quantum-enhanced sensing and metrology.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.22693,
  title  = {Quantum squeezing in an all-resonant periodically poled lithium niobate microresonator},
  author = {Xinyi Ren and Reshma Kopparapu and Tushar Sanjay Karnik and Chun-Ho Lee and Kiwon Kwon and Clayton Cheung and Yue Yu and Shi-Yuan Ma and Bo-Han Wu and Ran Yin and Lian Zhou and Quntao Zhuang and Dirk Englund and Zaijun Chen and Mengjie Yu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.22693},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

16 pages, 5 figures