Quantum MIMO Channel Modeling in Turbulent Free-Space Optical Links
Abstract
Free-space optical (FSO) links supporting spatial multiplexing provide a natural physical realization of Quantum MIMO channels. We develop a first-principles model for Quantum MIMO channels derived directly from wave-optical propagation through three-dimensional atmospheric turbulence. The framework explicitly accounts for intermodal crosstalk, finite detection apertures, and the system-bath separation induced by spatial-mode projection. We distinguish between distinguishable and indistinguishable photon regimes, showing that indistinguishability leads to intrinsically many-body interference effects described by matrix permanents. To obtain a completely positive and trace-preserving logical description, we introduce an erasure-extended encoding in which turbulence-induced leakage and photon loss are mapped to flagged erasure states. The resulting Quantum MIMO channel naturally reduces to a correlated n-qubit erasure channel, with correlations arising from the shared turbulent medium. Limiting regimes in which correlated Pauli channels emerge as effective approximations are also identified.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.06931,
title = {Quantum MIMO Channel Modeling in Turbulent Free-Space Optical Links},
author = {Heyang Peng and Seid Koudia and Semih Oktay and Mert Bayraktar and Symeon Chatzinotas},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.06931},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
13 pages, 4 figures