Quantum K-theory levels in physics and math

The purpose of this paper is to describe the basics of a dictionary between Chern-Simons levels in three-dimensional gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) and the (coincidentally-named) Ruan-Zhang levels for twisted quantum K-theory in mathematics. Each defines a twisting of quantum K-theory, and our proposed dictionary identifies these two twistings, in the cases of projective spaces, Grassmannians, and flag manifolds. We verify the dictionary by realizing the Coulomb branch equations as symbols of certain differential operators annihilating a twisted version of the I function associated to the abelianized GLSM theory, and also by comparing the geometric window for Chern-Simons levels to an analogous window for the Ruan-Zhang levels. In the process, we interpret the geometric window for the Chern-Simons levels in terms of equalities of I and J functions. This provides a fuller mathematical understanding of some special cases in the physics literature. We also make conjectures for twisted quantum K-theory of gerbes, following up earlier conjectures on ordinary quantum K-theory of gerbes.