Quantum computers as an amplifier for existential risk

Quantum computing is expected to have a profound impact on society. In this work we discuss the potential consequences on existential risk for humanity. Even with the timeline for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing still unclear, it is highly likely that quantum computers will eventually realize an exponential speedup for certain practical applications. We identify quantum simulation as the most relevant application in this regard and we qualitatively outline different risk trajectories. Both amplifying and mitigating effects of quantum computing for existential risk are anticipated. In order to prevent quantum computing from being an amplifier of existential risk, we call for increased efforts by the scientific community towards reducing potential future quantum risk. This viewpoint seeks to add a new perspective to the discussion on technological risk of quantum computing.