Quantum-Classical Separation in Bounded-Resource Tasks Arising from Measurement Contextuality
Quantum Physics
2025-12-03 v1 Emerging Technologies
Abstract
The prevailing view is that quantum phenomena can be harnessed to tackle certain problems beyond the reach of classical approaches. Quantifying this capability as a quantum-classical separation and demonstrating it on current quantum processors has remained elusive. Using a superconducting qubit processor, we show that quantum contextuality enables certain tasks to be performed with success probabilities beyond classical limits. With a few qubits, we illustrate quantum contextuality with the magic square game, as well as quantify it through a Kochen--Specker--Bell inequality violation. To examine many-body contextuality, we implement the N-player GHZ game and separately solve a 2D hidden linear function problem, exceeding classical success rate in both. Our work proposes novel ways to benchmark quantum processors using contextuality-based algorithms.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2512.02284,
title = {Quantum-Classical Separation in Bounded-Resource Tasks Arising from Measurement Contextuality},
author = {Shashwat Kumar and Eliott Rosenberg and Alejandro Grajales Dau and Rodrigo Cortinas and Dmitri Maslov and Richard Oliver and Adam Zalcman and Matthew Neeley and Alice Pagano and Aaron Szasz and Ilya Drozdov and Zlatko Minev and Craig Gidney and Noureldin Yosri and Stijn J. de Graaf and Aniket Maiti and Dmitry Abanin and Rajeev Acharya and Laleh Aghababaie Beni and Georg Aigeldinger and Ross Alcaraz and Sayra Alcaraz and Trond I. Andersen and Markus Ansmann and Frank Arute and Kunal Arya and Walt Askew and Nikita Astrakhantsev and Juan Atalaya and Ryan Babbush and Brian Ballard and Joseph C. Bardin and Hector Bates and Andreas Bengtsson and Martin Bigdeli and Alexander Bilmes and Simon Bilodeau and Felix Borjans and Alexandre Bourassa and Jenna Bovaird and Dylan Bowers and Leon Brill and Peter Brooks and Michael Broughton and David A. Browne and Brett Buchea and Bob B. Buckley and Tim Burger and Brian Burkett and Nicholas Bushnell and Jamal Busnaina and Anthony Cabrera and Juan Campero and Hung-Shen Chang and Silas Chen and Zijun Chen and Ben Chiaro and Liang-Ying Chih and Jahan Claes and Agnetta Y. Cleland and Bryan Cochrane and Matt Cockrell and Josh Cogan and Roberto Collins and Paul Conner and Harold Cook and William Courtney and Alexander L. Crook and Ben Curtin and Sayan Das and Laura De Lorenzo and Sean Demura and Agustin Di Paolo and Paul Donohoe and Andrew Dunsworth and Valerie Ehimhen and Alec Eickbusch and Aviv Moshe Elbag and Lior Ella and Mahmoud Elzouka and David Enriquez and Catherine Erickson and Vinicius S. Ferreira and Marcos Flores and Leslie Flores Burgos and Ebrahim Forati and Jeremiah Ford and Austin G. Fowler and Brooks Foxen and Masaya Fukami and Alan Wing Lun Fung and Lenny Fuste and Suhas Ganjam and Gonzalo Garcia and Christopher Garrick and Robert Gasca and Helge Gehring and Élie Genois and William Giang and Dar Gilboa and James E. Goeders and Ed Gonzales and Raja Gosula and Dietrich Graumann and Joel Grebel and Alex Greene and Jonathan A. Gross and Jose Guerrero and Tan Ha and Steve Habegger and Tanner Hadick and Monica Hansen and Matthew P. Harrigan and Sean D. Harrington and Jeanne Hartshorn and Stephen Heslin and Paula Heu and Oscar Higgott and Reno Hiltermann and Jeremy Hilton and Hsin-Yuan Huang and Mike Hucka and Ashley Huff and William J. Huggins and Evan Jeffrey and Shaun Jevons and Zhang Jiang and Xiaoxuan Jin and Cody Jones and Chaitali Joshi and Pavol Juhas and Andreas Kabel and Dvir Kafri and Hui Kang and Amir H. Karamlou and Ryan Kaufman and Kostyantyn Kechedzhi and Trupti Khaire and Tanuj Khattar and Mostafa Khezri and Seon Kim and Paul V. Klimov and Can M. Knaut and Bryce Kobrin and Alexander N. Korotkov and Fedor Kostritsa and John Mark Kreikebaum and Ryuho Kudo and Ben Kueffler and Arun Kumar and Vladislav D. Kurilovich and Vitali Kutsko and David Landhuis and Tiano Lange-Dei and Brandon W. Langley and Pavel Laptev and Kim-Ming Lau and Loïck Le Guevel and Emma Leavell and Justin Ledford and Joy Lee and Kenny Lee and Brian J. Lester and Wendy Leung and Lily L Li and Wing Yan Li and Alexander T. Lill and William P. Livingston and Matthew T. Lloyd and Aditya Locharla and Daniel Lundahl and Aaron Lunt and Sid Madhuk and Ashley Maloney and Salvatore Mandrà and Leigh S. Martin and Orion Martin and Eric Mascot and Paul Masih Das and Cameron Maxfield and Jarrod R. McClean and Matt McEwen and Seneca Meeks and Anthony Megrant and Kevin C. Miao and Reza Molavi and Sebastian Molina and Shirin Montazeri and Charles Neill and Michael Newman and Anthony Nguyen and Murray Nguyen and Chia-Hung Ni and Murphy Yuezhen Niu and Logan Oas and William D. Oliver and Raymond Orosco and Kristoffer Ottosson and Sherman Peek and David Peterson and Alex Pizzuto and Rebecca Potter and Orion Pritchard and Michael Qian and Chris Quintana and Ganesh Ramachandran and Arpit Ranadive and Matthew J. Reagor and Rachel Resnick and David M. Rhodes and Daniel Riley and Gabrielle Roberts and Roberto Rodriguez and Emma Ropes and Emma Rosenfeld and Dario Rosenstock and Elizabeth Rossi and David A. Rower and Kannan Sankaragomathi and Murat Can Sarihan and Kevin J. Satzinger and Sebastian Schroeder and Henry F. Schurkus and Aria Shahingohar and Michael J. Shearn and Aaron Shorter and Noah Shutty and Vladimir Shvarts and Volodymyr Sivak and Spencer Small and W. Clarke Smith and David A. Sobel and Barrett Spells and Sofia Springer and George Sterling and Jordan Suchard and Alexander Sztein and Madeline Taylor and Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman and Douglas Thor and Dogan Timucin and Eifu Tomita and Alfredo Torres and M. Mert Torunbalci and Hao Tran and Abeer Vaishnav and Justin Vargas and Sergey Vdovichev and Guifre Vidal and Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller and Meghan Voorhees and Steven Waltman and Jonathan Waltz and Shannon X. Wang and Brayden Ware and James D. Watson and Travis Weidel and Theodore White and Kristi Wong and Bryan W. K. Woo and Christopher J. Wood and Maddy Woodson and Cheng Xing and Z. Jamie Yao and Ping Yeh and Bicheng Ying and Juhwan Yoo and Elliot Young and Grayson Young and Ran Zhang and Yaxing Zhang and Ningfeng Zhu and Nicholas Zobrist and Zhenjie Zou and Shruti Puri and Erik Lucero and Julian Kelly and Sergio Boixo and Yu Chen and Vadim Smelyanskiy and Hartmut Neven and Pedram Roushan and Michel Devoret},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.02284},
year = {2025}
}