English

Quantum-Adaptive KS($\varphi$): A Parameterized Three-Qubit Gate Family Embedding Toffoli with Measurement-Free Phase Kickback and Intrinsic Error Non-Amplification

Quantum Physics 2026-05-26 v1 Emerging Technologies

Abstract

We introduce Quantum-Adaptive KS(φ\varphi) (KK = kickback, SS = sandwich), a parameterized three-qubit gate family that structurally embeds the Toffoli (CCX) gate within two additional components: (1)a palindromic Hadamard sandwich on the first control qubit q0q_0 that conjugates ZZ-type errors to XX-type in the CCX frame, providing simultaneous sensitivity to both error types without ancilla overhead; and (2)a controlled-phase (CP) gate whose quantum phase kickback propagates post-CCX target-state information into the control-qubit phase without measurement. The term Quantum- Adaptive refers to amplitude steering conditioned by the compile-time parameter φ\varphi via a Quantum Neural Cellular Automaton (QNCA) majority-inspired bias rule; the gate does not self-modify at runtime. Two QA-KS(π\pi) gates chained on a shared control qubit q0q_0 produce outputs completely orthogonal to two sequential CCX gates on q0q_0=1 inputs (output fidelity F=0.000), while agreeing exactly on q0q_0=0 inputs (F=1.000). This subspace-dependent divergence is the direct computational signature of coherent phase retention across gate boundaries -- impossible for CCX-only circuits. On the q1q_1 = 0 subspace the gate acts deterministically (up to a relative phase), providing intrinsic error non-amplification. On the q1q_1 = 1 subspace it produces four-component entangled superpositions, making it a strictly distinct quantum-native primitive from CCX. We present the complete 8×88 \times 8 unitary matrix, confirmed exact to UUI<1015||U^{\dagger}U-I||_{\infty} < 10^{-15}, and define two canonical variants: QA-KSπ/2_{\pi/2} (φ=π/2\varphi = \pi/2, SS gate) and QA-KSπ_{\pi} (φ=π\varphi = \pi, ZZ gate). Qiskit depolarizing-noise simulation demonstrates near-unit fidelity at p102p \leq 10^{-2} with an honest depth cost at higher error rates. The gate preserves the three-qubit footprint of CCX with no qubit overhead.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.24182,
  title  = {Quantum-Adaptive KS($\varphi$): A Parameterized Three-Qubit Gate Family Embedding Toffoli with Measurement-Free Phase Kickback and Intrinsic Error Non-Amplification},
  author = {Kripa Sankaranarayanan and Marek Perkowski},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.24182},
  year   = {2026}
}