Quantitative Stability of Generalized $p$-Area Minimizing Surfaces

We study the stability of $p$-area minimizing surfaces in the Heisenberg group under perturbations of the weight function and the drift vector field in generalized least gradient problems of the form $$\inf_{w\in BV_0(\Omega)} \int_\Omega \left(a(x)|Dw+F(x)|+H(x)w\right)\,dx.$$ Owing to the lack of strict convexity, establishing stability of minimizers is challenging. We derive quantitative stability estimates for minimizers. In particular, under suitable nondegeneracy and geometric assumptions, we obtain $L^1$ and $W^{1,1}$ stability estimates with respect to perturbations of the weight function $a$ and the drift vector field $F$. We further establish unified quantitative stability estimates under simultaneous perturbations of all principal parameters, namely $a$, $F$, and $H$. Numerical simulations illustrating the stability theory are also presented.