Federated Learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving intelligence on Internet of Things (IoT) devices but incurs a significant carbon footprint due to the high energy cost of frequent uplink transmission. While pre-trained models are increasingly available on edge devices, their potential to reduce the energy overhead of fine-tuning remains underexplored. In this work, we propose QuantFL, a sustainable FL framework that leverages pre-trained initialisation to enable aggressive, computationally lightweight quantisation. We demonstrate that pre-training naturally concentrates update statistics, allowing us to use memory-efficient bucket quantisation without the energy-intensive overhead of complex error-feedback mechanisms. On MNIST and CIFAR-100, QuantFL reduces total communication by 40\% (≃40% total-bit reduction with full-precision downlink; ≥80% on uplink or when downlink is quantised) while matching or exceeding uncompressed baselines under strict bandwidth budgets; BU attains 89.00\% (MNIST) and 66.89\% (CIFAR-100) test accuracy with orders of magnitude fewer bits. We also account for uplink and downlink costs and provide ablations on quantisation levels and initialisation. QuantFL delivers a practical, "green" recipe for scalable training on battery-constrained IoT networks.
@article{arxiv.2603.17507,
title = {QuantFL: Sustainable Federated Learning for Edge IoT via Pre-Trained Model Quantisation},
author = {Charuka Herath and Yogachandran Rahulamathavan and Varuna De Silva and Sangarapillai Lambotharan},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.17507},
year = {2026}
}