English

Quadrupole spectra derived from 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb identified-hadron $\bf v_2(p_t)$ data

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2026-05-05 v2

Abstract

ptp_t-differential quantity v2(pt)v_2(p_t) is meant to measure elliptic flow manifested by a dense QCD medium formed in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. Elliptic flow may be referred to more neutrally as a cylindrical quadrupole component of the transverse motion of particle sources within a collision. As defined, v2(pt)v_2(p_t) relies on an implicit assumption that almost all produced particles emerge from a single source. This article describes a detailed study of the algebraic structure of v2(pt)v_2(p_t). A procedure is developed to derive a common monopole boost (radial flow) value and quadrupole ptp_t spectra for several hadron species. The method is applied to v2(pt)v_2(p_t) data for three hadron species from 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions. According to available v2(pt)v_2(p_t) data the assumption of a single dominant particle source within A-A collisions is unjustified. Combined with a previous study of quadrupole amplitude variation for 200 GeV pp-pp collisions these results demonstrate that quadrupole structure is related to a novel QCD process separate from projectile-nucleon dissociation and jet production. Given quadrupole evolution it is unlikely that a hydrodynamic description is relevant to that process.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.08003,
  title  = {Quadrupole spectra derived from 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb identified-hadron $\bf v_2(p_t)$ data},
  author = {Thomas A. Trainor},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.08003},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

22 pages, 20 figures, response to referee comments. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1610.06256