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Pythagorean triples in level sets of completely multiplicative functions

Number Theory 2026-07-06 v1 Combinatorics

Abstract

We show that given completely multiplicative functions f1,,fdf_1,\dots,f_d taking values in the unit circle, there exist Pythagorean triples (i.e., integer solutions to x2+y2=z2x^2+y^2=z^2) with fi(x),fi(y),fi(z)f_i(x),f_i(y),f_i(z) all arbitrarily close to 11 for all ii. This is a new special case of the conjecture that any finite colouring of N\mathbb{N} has a monochromatic Pythagorean triple. Our proof combines vanishing averages for aperiodic functions with concentration estimates for pretentious functions. A similar proof is applied to obtain the analogous statement for more general equations of the form ax2+by2=cz2ax^2+by^2=cz^2 whenever a,b,ca,b,c are perfect squares satisfying the Rado's condition.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.04903,
  title  = {Pythagorean triples in level sets of completely multiplicative functions},
  author = {Guilherme Azevedo and Joel Moreira},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.04903},
  year   = {2026}
}

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22 pages