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Propagation of smallness near codimension two for gradients of harmonic functions

Analysis of PDEs 2025-09-01 v1

Abstract

Let uu be a harmonic function in the unit ball B1RnB_1 \subset \mathbb R^n, normalized so that its gradient has magnitude at most 1 on the unit ball. We show that if the gradient of uu is ϵ\epsilon-small in size on a set EB1/2E\subset B_{1/2} with positive (n2+δ)(n-2+\delta)-dimensional Hausdorff content for some δ>0\delta>0, then supB1/2uCϵα\sup_{B_{1/2}} |\nabla u| \leq C \epsilon^\alpha with C,α>0C,\alpha>0 depending only on n,δn,\delta and the (n2+δ)(n-2+\delta)-Hausdorff content of EE. This is an improvement over a similar result of Logunov and Malinnikova that required δ>1cn\delta>1-c_n for a small dimensional constant cnc_n and reaches the sharp threshold for the dimension of the smallness sets from which propagation of smallness can occur.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2508.21214,
  title  = {Propagation of smallness near codimension two for gradients of harmonic functions},
  author = {Benjamin Foster and Josep Gallegos},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.21214},
  year   = {2025}
}

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14 pages