English

Prompt-Level Reward Specifications for Open-Ended Post-Training

Computation and Language 2026-05-29 v1

Abstract

Open-ended post-training benefits from rewards that make prompt-specific success conditions explicit, rather than relying only on post-hoc scalar scores. In instruction following, writing, and decision-support tasks, response quality depends on local requirements, holistic preferences, and explicit constraints, but existing reward methods often leave these criteria implicit or cover only narrowly verifiable cases. We propose a prompt-level reward specification framework that separates reward specification from reward computation. Given only prompts, our framework constructs reusable task-adaptive rubrics and executable hard-constraint checkers offline, making reward criteria explicit before training and reusable across rollouts. At scoring time, artifact-anchored rubric and code scores are combined with an independent global score for residual holistic quality, yielding a normalized hybrid reward over requirement satisfaction, holistic quality, and deterministic constraints. The framework requires no human preference annotations, reference answers, or a separately trained reward model. Experiments show that the resulting reward improves offline RM-style response ranking and supports online reinforcement learning across multiple open-ended benchmarks. Ablations further show that rubrics, global scoring, and executable verification provide complementary supervision.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.29275,
  title  = {Prompt-Level Reward Specifications for Open-Ended Post-Training},
  author = {Zijun Weng and Xiaohui Hu and Shuangyong Song and Yongxiang Li and Kaidong Yu and Xuanjing Huang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.29275},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

39 pages, 4 figures, 16 tables

R2 v1 2026-07-22T07:38:33.941Z