Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the energy and dynamics of spins. The technique uses an optical pump to transfer coherence from a spin transition to an optical transition where the coherent emission is more easily detected. Here Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is used to probe an isotopically purified ensemble of erbium dopants, in a yttrium orthosilicate (Y2SiO5) crystal coupled to a microwave cavity. Because the erbium electron spin transition is strongly coupled to the microwave cavity, we observed Raman heterodyne signals at the resonant frequencies of the hybrid spin-cavity modes (polaritons) rather than the bare erbium spin transition frequency. Using the coupled system, we made saturation recovery measurements of the ground state spin relaxation time T1 = 10±3 seconds, and also observed Raman heterodyne signals using an excited state spin transition. We discuss the implications of these results for efforts towards converting microwave quantum states to optical quantum states.
@article{arxiv.2105.05387,
title = {Probing Strong Coupling between a Microwave Cavity and a Spin Ensemble with Raman Heterodyne Spectroscopy},
author = {Gavin G. G. King and Peter S. Barnett and John G. Bartholomew and Andrei Faraon and Jevon J. Longdell},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.05387},
year = {2021}
}