English

Probability and Angelic Nondeterminism with Multiset Semantics

Logic in Computer Science 2025-04-21 v2 Formal Languages and Automata Theory Programming Languages

Abstract

We introduce a version of probabilistic Kleene algebra with angelic nondeterminism and a corresponding class of automata. Our approach implements semantics via distributions over multisets in order to overcome theoretical barriers arising from the lack of a distributive law between the powerset and Giry monads. We produce a full Kleene theorem and a coalgebraic theory, as well as both operational and denotational semantics and equational reasoning principles.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.06754,
  title  = {Probability and Angelic Nondeterminism with Multiset Semantics},
  author = {Shawn Ong and Stephanie Ma and Dexter Kozen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.06754},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:28:17.726Z