English

Probabilistic verification of all languages

Computational Complexity 2018-07-13 v1 Formal Languages and Automata Theory

Abstract

We present three protocols for verifying all languages: (i) For any unary (binary) language, there is a log-space (linear-space) interactive proof system (IPS); (ii) for any language, there is a constant-space weak-IPS (the non-members may not be rejected with high probability); and, (iii) for any language, there is a constant-space IPS with two provers where the verifier reads the input once. Additionally, we show that uncountably many binary (unary) languages can be verified in constant space and in linear (quadratic) expected time.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1807.04735,
  title  = {Probabilistic verification of all languages},
  author = {Maksims Dimitrijevs and Abuzer Yakaryılmaz},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.04735},
  year   = {2018}
}

Comments

20 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-23T02:59:21.014Z