English

Possible evidence for a pair-instability supernova nature of ultra-early JWST sources

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2026-05-14 v3

Abstract

Recent JWST observations have revealed a population of unexpectedly bright sources at ultra-high redshift (z>15z > 15), challenging current models of early galaxy formation. One extreme example is 'Capotauro', an F356W-dropout identified in the CEERS survey and initially interpreted as a luminous galaxy at z30z\sim30, but subsequently found to be variable over an 800\sim 800 day baseline. Motivated by this variability, we explore the alternative hypothesis that Capotauro is a pair-instability supernova (PISN) originating from a massive (250260M250-260\,M_\odot), metal-free star. Using state-of-the-art PISN light curves, spectral energy distributions, and synthetic spectra, we show that a PISN at z15z\simeq 15 can plausibly reproduce the observed brightness, temporal evolution, photometry, and NIRSpec spectrum. We compare this scenario with alternative interpretations, including a local Y0 brown dwarf, and discuss observational tests to discriminate among them. If confirmed, this event would provide a rare window onto Population III stars, and highlights the importance of transient contamination in ultra-high redshift galaxy samples.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.07374,
  title  = {Possible evidence for a pair-instability supernova nature of ultra-early JWST sources},
  author = {Andrea Ferrara and Stefano Carniani and Takahiro Morishita and Massimo Stiavelli},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.07374},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

10 pages, 4 Figures, Published in the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Comments welcome ([email protected])