Polar alignment of a circumbinary disc around a brown dwarf binary
Abstract
Inspired by recent observations suggesting that the retrograde precession of the brown dwarf binary 2M1510 AB is consistent with induction by a polar circumbinary planet, we investigate the formation of such planets by studying the evolution of a primordial misaligned circumbinary disc around a brown dwarf binary. Analytical calculations show that a critical tilt angle of for moderately eccentric binaries is needed for polar alignment of circumbinary discs in systems with low disc-to-binary angular momentum ratios. For higher ratios, this angle converges to the Kozai-Lidov instability threshold of . We identify disc parameters, such as viscosity () and aspect ratio (), that enable polar alignment within typical disc lifetimes. Notably, a circumbinary disc around a low-mass binary, such as a brown dwarf binary, will require more time to achieve polar alignment compared to higher-mass systems. A hydrodynamical simulation confirms that an initially inclined disc around a brown dwarf evolves towards a polar state, creating favorable conditions for polar planet formation. Using these results, we finish by placing 2M1510 AB into a wider context and speculate why such a polar circumbinary configuration has not been identified before.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2506.22747,
title = {Polar alignment of a circumbinary disc around a brown dwarf binary},
author = {Jeremy L. Smallwood and Thomas A. Baycroft and Amaury H. M. J. Triaud and Richard P. Nelson},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.22747},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
9 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters