Planar Atom Trap and Magnetic Resonance 'Lens' Designs

We present various planar magnetic designs that create points above the plane where the magnitude of the static magnetic field is a local minimum. Structures with these properties are of interest in the disciplines of neutral atom confinement, magnetic levitation, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each planar permanent magnet design is accompanied by the equivalent planar single non-crossing conductor design. Presented designs fall into three categories producing: a) zero value magnetic field magnitude point minima, b) non-zero magnetic field magnitude point minima requiring external bias magnetic field, and c) self-biased non-zero magnetic field magnitude point minima. We also introduce the Principle of Amperean Current Doubling in planar perpendicularly magnetized thin films that can be used to improve the performance of each permanent magnet design we present. Single conductor current-carrying designs are suitable for single layer lithographic fabrication, as we experimentally demonstrate. Finally, we present the case that nanometer scale recording of perpendicular anisotropy thin magnetic films using presently available data storage technology can provide the ultimate miniaturization of the presented designs.