English

Pi in the Mandelbrot set everywhere

Dynamical Systems 2025-05-13 v1

Abstract

The numerical phenomenon of π\pi appearing at parameters c=1/4c = 1/4, c=3/4c=-3/4 and c=5/4c=-5/4 in the Mandelbrot set M\mathcal{M} has been known for over 30 years. In 2001, the first proof was provided by Aaron Klebanoff for the parameter c=1/4c=1/4. Very recently in 2023, an even sharper result for c=1/4c=1/4 was proved using holomorphic dynamics by Paul Siewert. This new proof also provided a conceptual understanding of the phenomenon. In this paper, we give, for the first time, a proof of the known phenomenon for the parameters c=3/4c=-3/4 and c=5/4c=-5/4, which is also conceptual, and we provide a generalization of the phenomenon and the proof for all bifurcation points of the Mandelbrot set.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.07138,
  title  = {Pi in the Mandelbrot set everywhere},
  author = {Thies Brockmoeller and Oscar Scherz and Nedim Srkalovic},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.07138},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T23:28:54.663Z