Physics-data-driven intelligent optimization for large-scale meta-devices

Meta-devices have gained significant attention and have been widely utilized in optical systems for focusing and imaging, owing to their lightweight, high-integration, and exceptional-flexibility capabilities. However, based on the assumption of local phase approximation, traditional design method neglect the local lattice coupling effect between adjacent meta-atoms, thus harming the practical performance of meta-devices. Using physics-driven or data-driven optimization algorithms can effectively solve the aforementioned problems. Nevertheless, both of the methods either involve considerable time costs or require a substantial amount of data sets. Here, we propose a physics-data-driven approach based "intelligent optimizer" that enables us to adaptively modify the sizes of the studied meta-atom according to the sizes of its surrounding ones. Such a scheme allows to mitigate the undesired local lattice coupling effect, and the proposed network model works well on thousands of datasets with a validation loss of 3*10-3. Experimental results show that the 1-mm-diameter metalens designed with the "intelligent optimizer" possesses a relative focusing efficiency of 93.4% (as compared to ideal focusing) and a Strehl ratio of 0.94. In contrast to the previous inverse design method, our method significantly boosts designing efficiency with five orders of magnitude reduction in time. Our design approach may sets a new paradigm for devising large-scale meta-devices.