Physical probability in the Everett interpretation and Bell inequalities
Abstract
I define a notion of locality LOC, closely modelled on the Bell principle of Local Causality, construed as the condition that single case probabilities cannot be modified by actions at spacelike separation. The new principle, like that of Bell, forces Bell inequalities, but with two loopholes: one is violation of measurement independence, known to Bell, but the other is non-uniqueness of remote outcomes, a loophole only for LOC, not for Local Causality. I also set out a theory of physical probability, applicable to the Everett interpretation, in which the Born rule is derived, and which therefore violates Bell inequalities. I show it is consistent with LOC. Surprisingly, both loopholes are exploited. I conclude not only that physical probability in the Everett interpretation involves no action at a distance, but that the observed violation of Bell inequalities is powerful evidence for many worlds.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2601.12159,
title = {Physical probability in the Everett interpretation and Bell inequalities},
author = {Simon Saunders},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.12159},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
To appear in Local Quantum Mechanics: Everett, many worlds, and reality, A. Ney (ed.), Oxford University Press. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2512.00575