We derive a way to diagnose band topology for graphene with triangular and/or honeycomb array of nanoholes directly from the lattice constant of superstructure m3×m3 with integer m. Taking into account the C6v crystalline symmetry respected by nanoholes and their array, we demonstrate that nontrivial topology appears periodically with m with period two (six) for triangular (honeycomb) array. These behaviors are verified by Wyckoff positions of Wannier centers and parity index of valence bands at high-symmetry points in Brillouin zone. The results provide a convenient guide for material design of topological electronic states based on graphene derivatives.
@article{arxiv.2605.14436,
title = {Periodic Behavior of Topology in Graphene with Nanohole Array},
author = {Yong-Cheng Jiang and Xing-Xiang Wang and Xiao Hu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.14436},
year = {2026}
}