English

Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter

Soft Condensed Matter 2025-06-04 v1 Statistical Mechanics

Abstract

The celebrated theorem of Bohr and van Leeuwen guarantees that a classical charged system cannot have a magnetization in thermal equilibrium. Quantum mechanically, however, a diamagnetic response is obtained. In contrast, we show here that a classical charged active system, consisting of a motile particle confined to the surface of a sphere, has a nonzero magnetization and a paramagnetic response. We numerically sample Langevin trajectories of this system and compare with limiting analytical solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation, at small and large temperatures, to find excellent agreement in the magnetic response. Our Letter suggests experimental routes to controlling and extracting work from charged active matter.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.03064,
  title  = {Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter},
  author = {Balázs Németh and Ronojoy Adhikari},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.03064},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication as a Letter in Physical Review Research

R2 v1 2026-07-01T02:57:21.256Z