Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter
Abstract
The celebrated theorem of Bohr and van Leeuwen guarantees that a classical charged system cannot have a magnetization in thermal equilibrium. Quantum mechanically, however, a diamagnetic response is obtained. In contrast, we show here that a classical charged active system, consisting of a motile particle confined to the surface of a sphere, has a nonzero magnetization and a paramagnetic response. We numerically sample Langevin trajectories of this system and compare with limiting analytical solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation, at small and large temperatures, to find excellent agreement in the magnetic response. Our Letter suggests experimental routes to controlling and extracting work from charged active matter.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2506.03064,
title = {Paramagnetism in spherically confined charged active matter},
author = {Balázs Németh and Ronojoy Adhikari},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.03064},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication as a Letter in Physical Review Research