Consider a symmetric function C(x,y) on [0,1]×[0,1] which is twice continuously differentiable up to the boundary, and which satisfies C(x,y)=C(1−x,1−y). Let A(n)=(ai,j(n):i,j∈[n]) be the matrix with entries ai,j(n)=exp(−C(i/n,j/n)). Soumik Pal conjectured the asymptotics perm(A(n))/n!∼exp(nΛ[C])/D[C] as n→∞ for known functionals that arise naturally in the context of entropy regularized optimal transport. The functional Λ[C] is the known large deviation rate function, already proved rigorously by Sumit Mukherjee. It is ∫01∫01(α(x)+β(y))dxdy where α(x)+β(y) is chosen such that ρ(x,y):=exp(−C(x,y)−α(x)−β(y)) has uniform marginals. The algebraic term D[c] is given by Peter McCullagh's formula for doubly stochastic matrices: detF(I+J−T∗T), the Fredholm determinant, where I is the identity on L2([0,1]), Jf(x)≡∫01f(z)dz (for all x) and Tf(x)=∫01ρ(x,y)f(y)dy. We prove the conjecture for functions C that are constant on blocks, exploiting a well-known Ross Pinsky's combinatorial decomposition of permutations in blocks.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2605.25274,
title = {Pal's permanent conjecture: proof for block uniform matrices},
author = {Andrea Ottolini and Shannon Starr},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.25274},
year = {2026}
}