English

Order and Pascal depth of Pascal finite automorphisms of the plane

Algebraic Geometry 2026-07-16 v1

Abstract

Let KK be a field of characteristic p>0p>0. For a Pascal finite automorphism FF of the affine plane we show that its order is determined by its Pascal depth, F=plogpτK(F)|F|=p^{\lceil\log_p\tau_K(F)\rceil}, and that, combined with Dolgachev's theorem on the plane Cremona group, this pins the order spectrum of Pascal finite plane automorphisms to {1,p,p2}\{1,p,p^2\} and bounds the Pascal depth by τK(F)p2\tau_K(F)\le p^2. For the polynomial group GA2(K)\text{GA}_2(K) we give a second, independent proof of the order-p2p^2 ceiling, a purely group-theoretic argument from the Jung--van der Kulk amalgam and Serre's tree theorem, using no birational geometry. We prove that the bound is sharp in two independent senses. Order~p2p^2 is attained by the length-two Witt vectors, and Pascal depth p2p^2 is attained by an explicit tame automorphism GpG_p, for which we give a characteristic-free proof that τK(Gp)=p2\tau_K(G_p)=p^2. We contrast the plane with higher dimensions, where both order and depth are unbounded.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.15466,
  title  = {Order and Pascal depth of Pascal finite automorphisms of the plane},
  author = {Elżbieta Adamus and Zbigniew Hajto},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.15466},
  year   = {2026}
}