Enhancing quantum illumination with highly entangled probes remains an active area of research. In this context, non-Gaussian operations provide an effective route for engineering probe states that can surpass the standard two-mode squeezed state (TMSS). In this work, we investigate a specific nonlocal non-Gaussian operation protocol and show that the engineered state using this protocol outperforms previously considered local non-Gaussian scenarios, engineered based on photon catalysis, addition, and subtraction under realistic conditions, including photon loss. Furthermore, by employing a 50:50 beam splitter with photon-number difference detection, we demonstrate a significant enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for target detection relative to the TMSS. Thus, our protocol exhibits improved performance, highlighting a resource-efficient and experimentally feasible probe for enhanced quantum illumination.
@article{arxiv.2605.13747,
title = {Optimal Quantum Illumination with Nonlocal Non-Gaussian Operations},
author = {Luis D. Zambrano Palma and Yusef Maleki and M. Suhail Zubairy},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.13747},
year = {2026}
}