English

Optimal Protocols in Quantum Annealing and QAOA Problems

Quantum Physics 2021-02-22 v2

Abstract

Quantum Annealing (QA) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) are two special cases of the following control problem: apply a combination of two Hamiltonians to minimize the energy of a quantum state. Which is more effective has remained unclear. Here we analytically apply the framework of optimal control theory to show that generically, given a fixed amount of time, the optimal procedure has the pulsed (or "bang-bang") structure of QAOA at the beginning and end but can have a smooth annealing structure in between. This is in contrast to previous works which have suggested that bang-bang (i.e., QAOA) protocols are ideal. To support this theoretical work, we carry out simulations of various transverse field Ising models, demonstrating that bang-anneal-bang protocols are more common. The general features identified here provide guideposts for the nascent experimental implementations of quantum optimization algorithms.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2003.08952,
  title  = {Optimal Protocols in Quantum Annealing and QAOA Problems},
  author = {Lucas T. Brady and Christopher L. Baldwin and Aniruddha Bapat and Yaroslav Kharkov and Alexey V. Gorshkov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.08952},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

12 pages, 8 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-23T14:20:37.311Z