Optimal construction of a layer-ordered heap

The layer-ordered heap (LOH) is a simple, recently proposed data structure used in optimal selection on $X+Y$, thealgorithm with the best known runtime for selection on $X_1+X_2+\cdots+X_m$, and the fastest method in practice for computing the most abundant isotope peaks in a chemical compound. Here, we introduce a few algorithms for constructing LOHs, analyze their complexity, and demonstrate that one algorithm is optimal for building a LOH of any rank $\alpha$. These results are shown to correspond with empirical experiments of runtimes when applying the LOH construction algorithms to a common task in machine learning.