The high index (441) surface of bismuth has been studied using Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM), Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (APRES) and spin-resolved ARPES. The surface is strongly corrugated, exposing a regular array of (110)-like terraces. Two surface localised states are observed, both of which are linearly dispersing in one in-plane direction (kx), and dispersionless in the orthogonal in-plane direction (ky), and both of which have a Dirac-like crossing at kx=0. Spin ARPES reveals a strong in-plane polarisation, consistent with Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling. One state has a strong out-of-plane spin component, which matches with the miscut angle, suggesting its {possible} origin as an edge-state. The electronic structure of Bi(441) has significant similarities with topological insulator surface states and is expected to support one dimensional Quantum Spin Hall-like coupled spin-charge transport properties with inhibited backscattering, without requiring a topological insulator bulk.
@article{arxiv.1506.08017,
title = {One-dimensional spin texture of Bi(441); Quantum Spin Hall properties without a topological insulator},
author = {M. Bianchi and F. Song and S. Cooil and A. F. Monsen and E. Wahlstrom and J. A. Miwa and E. D. L. Rienks and D. A. Evans and A. Strozecka and J. I. Pascual and M. Leandersson and T. Balasubramanian and Ph. Hofmann and J. W. Wells},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.08017},
year = {2015}
}